Dallmeyer 1A – ein historisches Objektiv

This Dallmeyer 1A lens from around 1920 does not give the impression that you have to have it. Who wants such old photo accessories anyway? And since it is not made of brass, it is not even suitable for the display case.

I like something like that and that's why I bought it quite some time ago - not for the showcase, but to take photos with it.

Petzval lenses

The history of this lens is related to Josef Max Petzval . He was a mathematician who lived in Budapest and later in Vienna.
 
His great achievement was the first calculation of a lens in 1839. He put the production of lenses, which until then had only been empirical, on a new basis.
 
His construction was much faster than previous lenses and eliminated image errors due to spherical aberration by combining two types of glass. These lenses are known as Petzval lenses and revolutionized portrait photography at the time. Unfortunately, Petzval did not patent his invention and left the fame and merit to others. He shares this with other photography pioneers, in particular with the inventor of photography Nicéphore Niepce and with the inventor of the collodion wet plates, Frederick Scott Archer.
 

Dallmeyer Lenses

John Henry Dallmeyer was a German optian who moved to London where he started his carreer at the lens manufacturer Ross . In 1867 he patented a modification of the Petzval lens, which enabled an adjustable soft focus effect. This was achieved through an adjustable distance between the two rear lenses, which are also reversed. This causes spherical aberration, which Petzval had eliminated with his design. But this option does not have to be used.
 
Dallmeyer's lenses with this construction principle were referred to as portrait patent lenses and were valued for their high image quality.
 
These lenses were available in different focal lengths and speed, initially made of brass with a plug-in diaphragm (Waterhouse Stop), later with an adjustable iris diaphragm and with a lighter aluminium barrel.
 
The lenses have designations such as 2A, 3B or 5D, whereby the number indicates the usable format and the focal length and the letter indicates the speed.
Dallmeyer portrait patent lenses with the designations A, B, C and D have maximum apertures of f/4, f/3, f/2 and f/6. An overview with the specifications can be found at Antique und Classic Cameras. The series C is extremely rare; I only saw an offer for a Dallmeyer 2C once.
 
Dallmeyer's format specifications are more conservative than what is used today. In general, the lenses are used for the next larger format.
 
The Dallmeyer 3B for wet plates 8×10 inches / 18×24 cm is probably the most sought-after lens in this series. My Dallmeyer 1A is a portrait lens not quite as fast from later production (around 1920) and only suitable for the smaller 5×7 inch / 13×18 cm format. But it is an excellent lens for this format.

 

Using Historical Lenses

None of these lenses have a built-in shutter, as is commonly found in newer large format lenses. The lenses must therefore be used with a separate shutter, which is located in front of or behind the lens. Few newer cameras offer this option, so using film at least at full aperture is difficult because of the fast shutter speeds.

The Dallmeyer 1A is just small enough for use with a Sinar behind-the-lens shutter Because the flange is relatively far forward on the lens, a plate with a 27 mm extension is required. I had such a plate made for me using 3D printing and used it for the picture taken at the cemetery with the Sinar 13×18. But before the next use, the plate broke without any external influence and the lens almost fell off. Since the lens is comparatively light due to the aluminum barrel, the risk of a plate breakage with heavy lenses is likely to be a lot higher. I can only strongly advise against using such plates for mounting high-quality lenses.

On the photo with the broken plate you can see that an adapter ring 77-82 is screwed into the lens at the front. The lens does not really have a thread, but the ring can still be screwed in. This ring is useful for a standard protective cover or for filter attachments, especially for strong gray filters when used outdoors with an open aperture.

Für Kollodium Nassplatten kommt man aber wegen der langen Belichtungszeiten gut ohne Verschluss aus. Ich habe das Objektiv also  wieder auf eine flache Sinar-Platte montiert und nehme einen Verschluß wie Anno dazumal. Mangels Zylinder halte ich bis zur Belichtung das Einstelltuch vor das Objektiv, zähle dann die Sekunden und decke es wieder ab.

Why and how I use this lens

One is inclined to believe that a lens that is a hundred years old does not provide good image quality. In fact, you can use it to take much sharper images than most people assume. Dallmeyer's lenses had an excellent reputation for good reason, and they still have it.

If you want sharp images, you can have it cheaper with a modern large format lens. However, the Dallmeyer patent lenses of series A and B have two special properties that modern large format lenses do not have.

On the one hand, they are faster than practically all modern large format lenses, so that a significantly smaller depth of field can be achieved. I therefore only use the lens with an open aperture.

On the other hand, these lenses are used for larger formats than specified. The Dallmeyer 1A is a 4×5 inch lens, but I practically always use it for 5x7 - almost twice as big. So it is kind of like using an APS-C lens for full frame. The Dallmeyer lens has few problems with this; it manifests itself in somewhat darker edge areas with a blur characteristic often referred to as swirly bokeh. The latter is less noticeable in the studio, however.

Virtually all of my 5×7 inch wet plates were shot with this lens. But I also use it for portraits and nudes on film. With one exception, I do not use a flash for this, but rather continuous light - either intense HMI light for wet plates, or pilot light for captures on film. All pictures are therefore taken with exposure times of around one to eight seconds. This is far from common today, but it is one of the reasons why these images have a different effect that also characterizes historical photographs. If you want to find out more about it, you are sure to read the Interview with Paolo Roversi. He is one of the most renowned fashion photographers and also photographed the Pirelli Calendar 2020. Even if he works digitally for it, you won't find a flash in his work.

Because of this reference to historical photography, my series of portraits and nudes on film is named "Century".

I now have other historical lenses for smaller and larger formats, but the principle behind the pictures is always the same.

The Dallmeyer 1A may not be a showcase, but it is one of my most important lenses. Others know that too, and such lenses are correspondingly rare. Above all, they are bought up by dealers in order to then drive up prices sharply. I just saw an offer for a brass version of the Dallmeyer 1A for which over € 2000 was being charged. The actual value is more like around € 800, for a Dallmeyer 3B around € 2000. That is a lot of money, but if I look at the current prices for modern lenses for digital cameras, then with a historical lens I not only get a rarity but also a lot more for the money in terms of photography.

The pictures on the right from the "Century” series were taken on film with the Dallmeyer 1A lens, those below are from my galleries with collodion wet plates, most of which were also made with this lens.

Collodion Wet Plate - Stephanie Dubois - Dallmeyer 1A lens
Gallery Anno 1851
Wet Plate Aktfotografie - EVE - Dallmeyer 1A Objektiv
Gallery Wet Plate Nudes

What people talk 2 Comments

1. November 2021 STADELMANN ADRIAN

Sehr beeindruckende Bilder. Ich würde es nun doch als Kunst betiteln, auch wenn das Handwerk, oder genau weil das Handwerkliche können ausschlaggebend ist. Gratulation zu diesen Werken!
Freundliche Grüsse aus der nahen Schweiz, Adrian

4. November 2021 ewald

Vielen Dank für diese Einschätzung, Adrian!
Ich habe mich nie als Künstler gesehen. Bei aller Begeisterung für das Handwerkliche freut es mich aber, dass man mehr als Handwerk in meiner Arbeit sehen kann.
Viele Grüße in die Schweiz, Ewald

Tell us about your thoughtsWrite message

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Back to Top
Close Zoom